There is something elemental about concrete. It is the stuff of foundations, highways, and monuments. It is modern man’s most prolific building material—a liquid stone we can mold to our will. To work with it is to create something of substance, something with a satisfying, immovable permanence.
A concrete slab is one of the simplest yet most powerful projects in construction. Whether for a patio, shed foundation, or workshop floor, pouring a perfect slab requires preparation, patience, and attention to detail.
Step 1: Plan and Prepare the Site
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Choose the location carefully. Ensure the ground is level and well-drained.
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Mark the slab’s dimensions using stakes and string.
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Excavate the area to the required depth, usually 4–6 inches for small slabs.
Step 2: Build a Solid Base
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Spread a layer of compacted gravel (3–4 inches) as the foundation.
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This provides stability and prevents water pooling.
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Use a tamper or plate compactor to achieve a firm base.
Step 3: Set the Formwork
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Build a frame with straight wooden boards, securing them with stakes.
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Ensure the form is square, level, and strong enough to hold wet concrete.
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Apply oil or release agent on the boards for easier removal later.
Step 4: Mix and Pour the Concrete
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For small slabs, you can mix concrete by hand or use a portable mixer.
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The standard ratio: 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 3 parts gravel, plus water.
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Pour the concrete into the form, spreading it evenly with a shovel or rake.
Step 5: Level and Screed
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Use a straight board across the top edges of the form to level the surface.
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Move the board back and forth in a sawing motion while pulling it across.
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Fill in any low spots and repeat until smooth.
Step 6: Smooth and Finish
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After screeding, use a bull float or trowel to smooth the surface.
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Allow the concrete to set slightly before finishing touches.
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Add texture with a broom if slip-resistance is desired.
Step 7: Cure Properly
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Cover the slab with plastic sheeting or damp burlap to retain moisture.
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Keep it damp for at least 7 days to ensure maximum strength.
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Avoid heavy loads until fully cured (about 28 days).